Crestone
Weather Center
Crestone, Colorado
(photo courtesy of NASA)
The "Quads” show is already happening in our early morning hours, but with this shower, the peak day is the most important. With that said, this might be a poor year for the Quads, at least for the day they peak on, as they will peak at 1045 am Mountain time, or in other words, in the daylight hours on January 3. So the early hours of the third, after the moon sets (after 3am... Note: the moon will be only at 11% full), should be the best time to view them (but, some sources are giving predictions for the peak to be 8 a.m. MST, which would make seeing the Quads a bit easier). But this shower has a brief, strong peak that lasts 6 hours or less, with little activity before and after. When everything does align just right, the Quads deliver at least 1 or 2 meteors visible per minute under excellent sky conditions. Their zenithal hourly rate is a very high 110. In some years it has reached 200. The shower's radiant is in northernmost Boötes, between the end of the Big Dipper’s handle and the head of Draco, in the defunct constellation Quadrans Muralis. The parent body of this shower is a small object designated 2003 EH1 for its discovery year (It’s also known as asteroid 196256, as it hasn’t yet been named) It loops around the Sun every 5½ years between the orbits of Earth and Jupiter. Only in 2004 did meteor specialist Peter Jenniskens discover that this body is responsible for the Quadrantids. It’s not an active comet — more likely it's an “extinct comet” that no longer has any ice to evaporate.
The dates in the table below are for the predawn hours in North America closest to the predicted peak of Earth’s passage through the meteoroid stream. Most showers are also active to some degree for a number of nights, sometimes many nights, before and after the predicted peak date.
Important: The listed peak rate is what’s called the “zenithal hourly rate,” which is what a very lucky viewer would see under ideal conditions: a very dark sky free of moonlight or light pollution (stars of magnitude 6½ detectable naked-eye), with full dark adaptation and the radiant high overhead. Rarely are we so blessed, so most likely you’ll see lower rates than those listed.
Shower | Radiant and its direction | Morning of maximum | Peak rate (per hour) |
Parent
comet or asteroid |
Quadrantids | Boötes (NE) | Jan. 3 | 15-120+ | 2003 EH1 |
Lyrids** | Lyra (E) | April 22 | 10-20+ | Thatcher |
Eta Aquariids | Aquarius (E) | May 4 | 50 | 1P/Halley |
Delta Aquariids | Aquarius (S) | July 25 to Aug. 5 | 20 | 96P/Machholz? |
Perseids** | Perseus (NE) | Aug. 12 | 100 | 109P/Swift-Tuttle |
Orionids | Orion (SE) | Oct. 22, 23 | 20 | 1P/Halley |
Taurids | Taurus (overhead) | Oct. and Nov. | 5-10 | 2P/Encke |
Leonids | Leo (E) | Nov. 17 | 15 | 55P/Tempel-Tuttle |
Geminids | Gemini (E) | Dec. 13 | 140 | 3200 Phaethon |
Ursids | Ursa Minor (N) | Dec. 22 | 10 | 8P/Tuttle |
**Strong moonlight will interfere.
Bold type indicates the strongest predicted showers.
Number per hour max is for a moonless rural sky
There are meteor showers taking place every day/night of the year, but
many are hard to see. The meteor showers listed above are the easiest to
observe and provide the most activity. All of these showers are best seen after
midnight. Some are not even visible until after midnight. Particular attention
should be noted to the moonlight conditions. Showers that peak with
the moon at half or more full will be affected by the moonlight and will be
difficult to observe. While the dates noted above for when each shower is best seen
- remains
close to the same dates year after year, while the moonlight conditions change considerably from
one year to the next. |